1. Answer The Following Question.
(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
Ans : Industry refers to an economic activity that is involved in the production of goods, such as the iron and steel industry, the extraction of minerals like coal mining, and the provision of services such as the tourism industry.
(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?
Ans : The main factors influencing the location of an industry include:
Availability of raw materials and land
Adequate supply of water and labor
Access to power and transport
Presence of markets
Availability of capital
Sometimes, government incentives such as subsidized power, lower transport costs, and improved infrastructure are provided to encourage industries to establish in economically backward regions.
(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry and why?
Ans : The steel industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry. This is because nearly everything used in modern industry is either made from steel or produced with machinery and tools made from steel. The steel industry is considered a feeder industry because its products serve as raw materials for other industries.
(iv) Why has the cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?
Ans : The cotton textile industry has rapidly expanded in Mumbai due to several favorable factors:
Warm and moist climate which is ideal for cotton production
Proximity to ports for easy export and import
Availability of raw materials like cotton
Skilled labor that is essential for the industry.
2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Fort Gloster is located in
(a) West Bengal
(b) California
(c) Gujarat
Ans : (a) West Bengal
(ii) Which one of the following is a natural fiber?
(a) nylon
(b) jute
(c) acrylic
Ans : (b) Jute
3. Distinguish between the following.
(i) Agro-based and mineral-based industry
Ans :
Agro-based industries are industries that use plant and animal-based products as raw materials. They typically serve rural areas and provide employment in agriculture-related activities. Examples include food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textiles, dairy products, and leather industries.
Mineral-based industries are primary industries that use mineral ores and natural resources like coal, iron ore, and other minerals as raw materials. These industries can provide employment in both rural and urban areas. Examples include the steel and iron industries and heavy machinery industries.
(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry
Ans :
Public sector industries are industries that are owned and operated by the government. These industries are set up and managed by government bodies, and they focus on public welfare and national development. Examples include Steel Authority of India Limited and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.
Joint sector industries are industries that are owned and operated by both the government and private individuals or groups. The collaboration between the state and private entities allows shared investment, control, and profits. An example is Maruti Udyog Limited.
4. Give two examples of the following in the space provided :
(i) Raw Materials: _____________ and _____________________
Ans : Iron ore and Cotton
(ii) End products: _______________ and _________________________
Ans : Steel and Cloth
(iii) Tertiary Activities: ________________ and __________
Ans : Transport and banking
(iv) Agro-based Industries: ____________ and ____________
Ans : Dairy and Sugar
(v) Cottage Industries: ___________ and ________________
Ans : pottery and basket weaving
(vi) Co-operatives: ______________________ and _____________
Ans : Mother Dairy and Anand Milk Union Limited (Amul)