1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) Which of the following types of vegetation does rubber belong to?
(d) Tropical Evergreen
(ii) Cinchona trees are found in areas of rainfall more than
(a) 100 cm
(iii) In which of the following states is the Simlipal bio-reserve located?
(c) Odisha
(iv) Which one of the following bio-reserves of India is not included in the world network of bio reserves?
(a) Manas
2. Answer the following questions briefly:
(i) What factors are responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India?
Climatic conditions:Temperature
Humidity
Photoperiod
Precipitation
Relief:Land
Soil
(ii) What is a bio-reserve? Give two examples.
Bio-reserves are protected areas designed to preserve natural vegetation, wildlife, and the environment.
Examples:Sunderbans
Gulf of Mannar
(iii) Name two animals having habitats in the tropical and montane types of vegetation.
Tropical:Tiger
Elephant
Montane:Snow Leopard
3. Distinguish between:
(i) Flora and Fauna
Flora refers to the plant species of a particular region.
Fauna refers to the animal species of a particular region.
(ii) Tropical evergreen and deciduous forests
Tropical Evergreen Forests:Known as rainforests.
No definite time for trees to shed leaves.
Rainfall is more than 200 cm.
Tropical Deciduous Forests:Known as monsoon forests.
Trees shed leaves during the dry summer for about 6-8 weeks.
Rainfall ranges between 200 cm and 70 cm.
4. Name different types of vegetation found in India and describe the vegetation of high altitudes.
Ans: The different types of vegetation found in India include:
Tropical Evergreen Forests
Tropical Deciduous Forests
Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs
Montane Forests
Mangrove Forests
Vegetation of High Altitudes:
Alpine vegetation is found at altitudes above 3600 m.
Trees in these areas include junipers, birches, and pines.
5. Several species of plants and animals are endangered in India. Why?
Ans: The reasons include:
Increasing population
Pollution
Deforestation
Hunting by poachers
6. Why has India a rich heritage of flora and fauna?
Ans: India has a rich heritage of flora and fauna due to:
Diverse relief features
Availability of different types of soil
Variation in climatic conditions