people as a resource
Answer The Following Question.
1. What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?
Ans: ‘People as a resource’ refers to the population as an asset rather than a liability. It highlights the productive skills and abilities of the working population. When investment is made in education, training, and health, the population becomes human capital, which contributes to economic development.
2. How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
Ans: Human resources differ because they can utilize other resources like land and physical capital to produce goods and services. Land and physical capital cannot function or produce output without human intervention.
3. What is the role of education in human capital formation?
Ans: Education plays a key role in human capital formation by:
Making individuals an asset to the economy.
Increasing productivity and efficiency.
Enhancing national income and societal awareness.
Promoting better health and hygiene practices.
4. What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Ans: Health is crucial because:
A healthy individual is more productive and efficient.
Good health improves immunity and work outcomes.
Better healthcare boosts overall human productivity and national growth.
5. What part does health play in the individual’s working life?
Ans: Health significantly affects work life. A healthy person works more efficiently, has better productivity, and spends more time on work compared to an unhealthy person.
6. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors?
Ans:
Primary Sector | Secondary Sector | Tertiary Sector |
Agriculture, fishing, mining | Manufacturing | Trade, transport, communication |
Forestry, poultry, quarrying | Banking, education, health, tourism |
7. What is the difference between economic and non-economic activities?
Ans: Economic activities: Add value to national income (e.g., jobs for pay or profit).
Non-economic activities: Do not contribute to national income (e.g., domestic chores for self-consumption).
8. Why are women employed in low-paid work?
Ans: Women are often employed in low-paid work due to:
Lower education levels.
Lack of skill development opportunities.
Societal perceptions undervaluing women’s work.
Their dual responsibilities of managing both household and professional duties.
9. How will you explain the term unemployment?
Ans: Unemployment refers to the inability of skilled and able individuals to find work at a decent wage. It exists in forms like seasonal unemployment (in rural areas) and educated unemployment (in urban areas).
10. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Ans:
Disguised Unemployment | Seasonal Unemployment |
More workers employed than needed for the same task. | Work is unavailable during certain seasons, e.g., off-season agriculture. |
11. Why is educated unemployment a peculiar problem of India?
Ans: Educated unemployment is peculiar in India because:
The education system produces degree-holders without skill development.
Job creation has not matched the increase in educated youth.
12. In which field can India build the maximum employment opportunities?
Ans: India can build maximum employment in the manufacturing sector, as it reduces disguised unemployment in agriculture and creates jobs through industrial expansion.
13. Measures to mitigate educated unemployment:
Ans: Make education career-oriented.
Introduce skill-based training programs.
Allow students to choose career-focused subjects early.
Diversify study options in schools to match job market demands.
14. Can you imagine a village with no jobs but later many job opportunities?
Ans: This question requires personal observation. Examples could include villages where new industries, better infrastructure, or tourism development create jobs.
15. Which capital is the best: land, labour, physical capital, or human capital? Why?
Ans: Human capital is the best because it utilizes land, labour, and physical capital to produce outcomes. Without human skills and knowledge, other resources remain unproductive.